Internal combustion engine



y 19, 1931- I R. MILLER 4 0 79 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 1 Filed Nov.1,1929

4 I N V EN TOR. 12 Ml u er.

" I? H 2715 ATTORNEY.

125 Figure l on the line 22 100 zl atented ha ta teat nNrrEnj STATEShddhtlh PATENT orrica RALPH-m or msron; rnimsynvmm, ASSIGNOB. TINGEBSOLL-RAND oomrsmz, or'JEnsEx GITY, NEW- .rnnsax, A oomom'rro r ornew mnsnx INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filed November 1, 1929.Serial no. 4am.-

, This invention relates to internal combustion engines, and moreparticularly to twostroke cycle engine-of the type inwhich the fuelcharge is forcibly injected into the com- 55 bustion chamber and isignited by the co pression created by the piston or pistons of theengine.

One object of the invention is .to obtain a maximum power yield from thefuel charge. Another object is to assure a condition of extremeturbulence within the combustion chamber during the fuel injectionperiod so that the fuel may be thoroughly disintegrated and diffused inthe combustion chamber. Other objects will be in part obvious and inpart pointed out hereinafter.

In the drawings accompanying the following specification and forming apart thereof and in which similar reference characters as refer tosimilar parts,

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a portion of an engine having theinvention applied thereto, and

Figure 2 is a transverse view taken throu h in the rection indicated bythe arrows.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, A designates generally aninternal combustion engine shown for simplicity of illusi) tration ashaving only one cylinder B wherein is disposed a-piston D to which ispivotally connected one end of a connecting rod E as by means of a wristpin F. The opposite end of the connecting rod E may be operativelyconnected in any well known manner to a crank shaft G which may besuitably jour- B nalled in abed plate or base H which also acts as asupport for the cylinder B.

The cylinder B is provided with a head J wherein is formed a combustionchamber K and an exhaust passage or passages L which lead from thecombustion chamber to the atmosphere to convey the products ofcombustion from the combustion chamber. The exhaust. passages -L arecontrolled by the usual exhaust valves U which are disposed slidably invalve guides P in the head J. .The exhaust valves Q are provided withthe usual sprin s Q, which act agt inst spring seats R secured to thestems of the valves 0 for closing the said valves.

Anyrsuitable means may be provided for unseating the exhaust valves 0 intimed relation with the movement of the piston D. The means illustratedfor this purpose com prises a rocker arm S mounted pivotally on abearing standard T carried by the head J and overlying the stems of thevalves 0. Inc the portion of the rocker arm" S which over- 5 lies thestems of the valves 0 are disposed rollers U which are adapted tobepressed against the valve stems for unseating the valves 0. Similarly inthe opposite end of the rocker arm S is a cam roller V adapted to bearagainst a cam W carried by a cam shaft X and whereby the rocker arm S isoscillated for controlling the movement of the exhaust valves 0. I

The engine A is illustrated as being of the solid injection type and inorder to introduce the fuel into the combustion chamber K in this formthe head J is provided with apair of fuel injection or spray nozzles Y.Thespray nozzles are preferably disposed on opposite sides of the.combustion chamber K and are connected with a suitable source of fuelsupply (not shown) through pipes Z. I Within the head J is a lateralwall 6 having converging surfaces c and d, the surface (1 being adjacentthe end of the cylinder and the surface 0 forming a side for thecombustion chamber K. A restricted opening 6 in the wall '5 affordscommunication between the combustion chamber K andthe cylinder e5 Inaccordance with the present invention, means are provided forintroducing a jet or jets of pressure fluid, such as compressed air,into the cylinder both for expelling the prodnets of combustion from thecylinder and also to inject thereinto the air required to form'asuitable explosive mixture. To this end the cylinder is provided with apassage or passages f so located in the wall of the cylinder that theywill be uncovered by the top of the piston as the piston nears bottomcenter of its stroke. j

The passages i open with their outer ends into an annular passage g'vvhihh surrounds net In order to assure a whirling motion of thepressure fluid in the cylinder, the pas:

- sages f are preferably arranged tangentially in the wall of thecylinder B so that the pressure fluid will flow into the cylinder at anangle to the radii ofthe cylinder. In this way a whirling sheet or bodyof pressure fluid may be formed in the cylinder and which, by itswhirling movement, will assure an adequate scavenging effect thereintovcomplete ly ex el the exhaust gases from the cylinder and rom thecombustion chamber.

The operation ofthe' device is as follows: Let it be assumed that thepiston D is moving downwardly on its power stroke. When the piston nearsthe lowermost limiting position in the cylinder and prior to theuncovering of the ports .7 the exhaust valves 0 will 'be opened and theexhaust gages will escape through the exhaust passages L and thepressure n the cylinder will drop before the piston uncovers the portsI. When the ports f are uncovered pressure fluid will flow into thecylinder and, whirlin upwardly, will rid the cylinder and the com ustionchamber of all exhaust gases by forcing such gas through the exhaustpassages L. The piston 'D will 7 then continue downwardly to thelowermost limit ofits travel and shortly after reversal of the movementof the piston the cam shaft X will rotate into a position to permit theexhaustvalves O to close.

This 111 vement of the exhaust valves takes place while the ports 7 arestill partly uncovered by the piston so,that the cylinder and thecombustion chamber K may be fully charged with pressure fluid to apressure substantially equal in value to that existing in the annularpassage g.

' As the piston D roceeds on 1ts rising stroke, the pressure uidcompressed thereby will continue its whirling motion and, in

passin from the cylinder into the combustion c amber, such. pressurefluid will be caused towhirl in decreasing spirals by the surface d andwill then pass through the restricted opening into the combustionchamber. v

The pressure fluid will continue its Whllling motion through therestricted opening 8 and willfiow'tothe end wall of the combustionchamber K whereby its direction of flow is reversed so that it will flowoutwardin all directions along the end wall of -l the combustion chamberand thence down and tumbling turbulence of the air in the combustionchamber at the time thespray nozzles act to inject the fuel into thecoin bustion chamber.

'. the spray nozz es.

suring a homogeneous mixture of atomized fuel and air and consequentlyeflicient com- .bustion irrespective of external atmospheric conditionsor the altitude at which the engine ma be operated.

y forcing the pressure fluid through the restricted opening in themanner described,

such pressure fluid will rise therethrough in the. form of a whirling orspiral column.

when the course of the pressure fluid is reversed by the end-wall of thecombustion chamber a portion of the air will flow along the walls of thecombustion chamber, and thus rearwardl' of the outlet opening of In thisWa the entire air charge will be put in motion and the A fuel chargewill be completely distributed throughout a rapidly moving body of airand in consequence llttle if any fuel willbe deposited on the wall ofthe combustion chamber. I p

I claim:

1. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of acylinder and a head therefor, a combustion chamber in the head, meansfor injecting fuel from the sides to the center of the combustionchamber an exhaust valve for the combustion chamber, a passage in thewall of the cylinder to direct :pressure fluid into the cylinder along aline off-set from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder to cause aspiral motion of such presand a tumbling turbulence in the combustionchamber for diffusing the fuel injected from the sides of the chamber.

* 2. In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of acylinder and a head 'thereforhaving a combustion chamber, a piston inthe cylinder, a plurality of pressure fluid inlet passages in the wallof the cylinder arranged at an angle to the radii of thevcylinder and ata point to be imcovered by the piston as said piston nears its lowermostposition, means for injecting fuel from the sides to the center ofthecombustion chamber, a lateral wall projecting from the head having arestricted opening between the combustion 5 chamber and the cylinder andthrough which the pressure fluid whirls Ill ecame in decreasing spiralsand impinges against the end wall of the combustion chamber during therising stroke of the piston to spread outwardl and reverse the course ofthe pressure flui thereby effecting both a-whirling and tumblingturbulence for; difiusing the fuel injected from the sides ofthechamber, an exhaust valve in the combustion chamber, and means foropening the exhaust valve prior to the opening of the said passages andto close said exhaust valve during the admission of pressure fluidthrough the passages into the cylinder.

3, In a two-cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of acylinder and a head therefor having a combustion chamber, a piston inthe cylinder, pressure fluid inlet passages in the wall of the c linderand adapted to be uncovered by the piston as said piston nears itslowermost positlon, said passages being arranged at an angle to theradii of the cylinder to effect a whirling motion of the pressure fluidflowing into the cylinder, means to inject fuel from the sides to thecenter of the combustion chamber, a lateral wall projecting from thehead having a restricted opening between the cylinder and the combustionchamber and through which res.- sure fluid whirls against the end wall0? the combustion chamber during the rising stroke of the piston tospread outwardl and reverse the course of the pressure fluid, therebyefiecting both a whirlin and a tumbling turbulence for difi'using theuel in'ected from the sides of the chamber, an incl lateral wall todirect ressure fluid in adually decreasing spire s'from the cylin or tothe openin an exhaust valve in the combustion cham er, and means foropening the exhaust valve prior to the opening of the said passages andto close said exhaust valve prior to closing of said passages by thepiston.

4. In a two cycle internal combustion engine the combination of acylinder and a head t erefor, a combustion chamber in the head, meansfor injectin fuel from the sides to the center of the com ustionchamber, an

exhaust valve in the combustion chamber, a

passage in the wall of the cylinder positioned at a point to beuncovered by the piston as said piston nears its lowermost position, anda lateral wall projecting from the head having a central restrictedopening between the coinbustion chamber and the cylinder through whichpressure fluid enters the combustion ined surface on the chamber forinjecting fuel from the sides of the combustion chamber to the centerthereof, an exhaust valve in the combustion chamber, a lateral wallprojectin from the headbotween the cylinder and t e combustion chamberand having converging surfaces on both sides meetin at a centralrestricted opening,

pressure flui inlet passages in the wall of the cylinder arranged at anangleto the radii of t e cylinder and at a point to be uncovered by thepiston as-said piston nears its lowermost position, said pressure fluidthereby being caused to whirl upwardly in the cylinder during the risingstroke of the piston against specification.

'RALPH MILLER.

chamber and impinges against the end wall 1 thereof to spread outwardlyand reverse the course of the pressure fluid, thereby efiecting atumbling turbulence in the combustion chamber for difiusing the fuelinjected from the sides ofthe combustion chamber.

5. In a two cycle internal combustion engine, the combination of, acylinder and a head therefor, a combustion chamber in the head, aplurality of nozzles in the combustion

